ABSTRACT
Background：It is well recognized that the Beijing 2022 Olympics will be the second Games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a condition that has impacted millions of lives from every nation, moreover, to a certain extent, it has altered the way sporting activities operate.And there is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic.Objective：To describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games, in Beijing held from February 4 to 20, 2022.Methods：We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by Beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic, medical venues, and ambulance.Results：In total, 2897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness. Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses, equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 11% of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3% at least one illness. The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports (n=104), followed by alpine skiing (n=53), ice track (n=37), freestyle skiing (n=36), and ice hockey (n=35) and was lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines (n=20). Of the 326 injuries, 14 (4.3%) led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week. A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care. The number of athletes with illness (n=80) was highest for skating (n=33) and Nordic skiing (n=22). A total of 50 illnesses (62.5%) were attributed to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology, and the most common cause of illness was other causes, including preexisting illness and drugs (n=52, 65%).Conclusions: Overall, 11% of athletes incurred at least one injury during the Games, which is similar to the figures during the Olympic Winter Games in 2014 and 2018. Regarding illness, 2% of athletes were affected, which is approximately three-fold lower than the Olympic Winter Games in 2018.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background Millions of cases of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in the world. Although it is known that the air travel has the potential to spread SARS-CoV-2, the risk of in-flight transmission is unknown.Methods We enrolled all passengers and crew suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, who bounded for Beijing on international flights. We specified the characteristics of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection and utilized Wells-Riley equation to estimate the infectivity of COVID-19 during air travel.Results We screened 4492 passengers and crew with suspected COVID-19 infection, verified 161 confirmed cases (mean age 28.6 years), and traced two confirmed cases who may have been infected in the aircraft. The estimated infectivity was 375 quanta/h (range 274-476), while the effective infectivity was only 4 quanta/h (range 2-5). The risk of per-person infection during a 13 hours air travel in economy class was 0.56‰ (95% CI 0.41‰-0.72‰). Conclusion We found that the universal use of face masks on the flight, together with the plane's ventilation system, significantly decreased the infectivity of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged across the world, and the disease course can be affected by health-seeking behavior of patients. This study aimed to explore the influence of the health-seeking behavior of patients with COVID-19 on disease process.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the health-seeking behavior of discharged patients with COVID-19 infection. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the times of visiting hospital, and the Mann-Whitney U and the Chi-square test were used to compare the difference.Results: 138 discharged patients infected with COVID-19 were enrolled in our study as of Feb 20th, 2020. 68(49.3%) patients were male, with the median age of 40 years old. There were significant difference in contact history of being to Wuhan in last 14 days (A=6.799, P=0.033), contacting with confirmed case in last 14 days (b=9.321, P=0.009) and the type of hospital first visited (s=29.317, P<0.001).The health-seeking behavior can significantly affect the duration between the first hospital visit and confirmed diagnosis (t=6.445, P=0.002), symptoms onset and confirmed diagnosis (r=4.591, P=0.012), as well as symptoms onset and hospitalization (a=4.404, P=0.014). As the epidemic developed, the time interval from symptom onset to first hospital visit had been decreased gradually from Jan 12 to Feb 15.Conclusions: Health-seeking behavior of patients were different as the epidemic developed and the strategies taken by government. It’s necessary to improve epidemic acknowledge and awareness of citizens to contain the outbreak.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Virus DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective: Numerous cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in the world in succession. We reported the epidemiological and clinical features of 478 confirmed cases from a multicentre study outside of Wuhan, China. Methods : We collected patients who were transferred by Emergency Medical Service to the designated hospitals in four major cities including Beijing, Chongqing, Jinan and Nanning in China. We compared the characteristics between imported and indigenous cases, and calculated the fatality, and the rate of severe cases, mild and asymptomatic cases to generate the pyramid of COVID-19 infection. Results : The mean age of patients was 46.9 years old and 49.8% were male. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (69.7% ), cough (47.5%), fatigue (24.5%), dyspnea (8.4%) and headache (7.9%). In the study, most cases (313, 65.5%) were indigenous, while 165 (34.5%) were imported. During the early stage, the imported cases were dominant, which declined from Feb 1, when the indigenous cases rise sharply. Compared with the indigenous cases, the imported cases were significantly distinct concerning gender composition (P=0.002), classification of severity (P=0.006). Conclusions : On the basis of this study, we suggest that preventing import from outside and controlling spread inside should be a basic principle for resisting COVID-19 infection. If not, the region or area will face chaos.
Subject(s)
Headache , Dyspnea , Fever , COVID-19 , FatigueABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the regularity and characteristics of the transmission of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(NCP) in crowd, for provide a reference for pre-hospital first aid to identify and screen NCP and close contact, at the same time to improve protection awareness and reduce infection rates.@*Method@#Retrospective analysis about the cases of familial aggregation transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Center between January 20 and February 10, 2020,collect relevant information,including basic information,contact history,symptoms and signs, clinical outcome, etc.@*Results@#The mean incubation period of familial cluster cases was 5.6d,mean time from onset of symptoms to first visit was 1.8d;Among the 5 family cluster cases, 4 had fever,mean body temperature 38ºC, the Sp02 averaged 96%; Among the 5 family cluster cases, 4 had cough, 2 had fatigue, and 1 had dyspnea.@*Conclusion@#People are susceptible to infection to NCP,it spreads easily between close contacts, effective isolation is the focus of prevention and control among family members, it is also one of the difficulties of prevention and control.